schema.h

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// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available->
// 
// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip-> All rights reserved->
//
// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
// in compliance with the License-> You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://opensource->org/licenses/MIT
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied-> See the License for the 
// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License->
 
#ifndef CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_H_
#define CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_H_
 
#include "document.h"
#include "pointer.h"
#include "stringbuffer.h"
#include <cmath> // abs, floor
 
#if !defined(CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX)
#define CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX 1
#else
#define CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX 0
#endif
 
#if !CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX && defined(CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX) && (__cplusplus >=201103L || (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1800))
#define CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX 1
#else
#define CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX 0
#endif
 
#if CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX
#include "internal/regex.h"
#elif CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX
#include <regex>
#endif
 
#if CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX || CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX
#define CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HAS_REGEX 1
#else
#define CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HAS_REGEX 0
#endif
 
#ifndef CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
#define CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE 0
#endif
 
#if CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
#include "stringbuffer.h"
#endif
 
CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
 
#if defined(__GNUC__)
CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
#endif
 
#ifdef __clang__
CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(weak-vtables)
CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(exit-time-destructors)
CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(c++98-compat-pedantic)
CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(variadic-macros)
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4512) // assignment operator could not be generated
#endif
 
CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
// Verbose Utilities
 
#if CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
 
namespace internal {
 
inline void PrintInvalidKeyword(const char* keyword) {
    printf("Fail keyword: %s\n", keyword);
}
 
inline void PrintInvalidKeyword(const wchar_t* keyword) {
    wprintf(L"Fail keyword: %ls\n", keyword);
}
 
inline void PrintInvalidDocument(const char* document) {
    printf("Fail document: %s\n\n", document);
}
 
inline void PrintInvalidDocument(const wchar_t* document) {
    wprintf(L"Fail document: %ls\n\n", document);
}
 
inline void PrintValidatorPointers(unsigned depth, const char* s, const char* d) {
    printf("S: %*s%s\nD: %*s%s\n\n", depth * 4, " ", s, depth * 4, " ", d);
}
 
inline void PrintValidatorPointers(unsigned depth, const wchar_t* s, const wchar_t* d) {
    wprintf(L"S: %*ls%ls\nD: %*ls%ls\n\n", depth * 4, L" ", s, depth * 4, L" ", d);
}
 
} // namespace internal
 
#endif // CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
 
// CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN
 
#if CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
#define CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_VERBOSE(keyword) internal::PrintInvalidKeyword(keyword)
#else
#define CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_VERBOSE(keyword)
#endif
 
#define CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(keyword)\
CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_BEGIN\
    context.invalidKeyword = keyword.GetString();\
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_VERBOSE(keyword.GetString());\
    return false;\
CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_END
 
// Forward declarations
 
template <typename ValueType, typename Allocator>
class GenericSchemaDocument;
 
namespace internal {
 
template <typename SchemaDocumentType>
class Schema;
 
// ISchemaValidator
 
class ISchemaValidator {
public:
    virtual ~ISchemaValidator() {}
    virtual bool IsValid() const = 0;
};
 
// ISchemaStateFactory
 
template <typename SchemaType>
class ISchemaStateFactory {
public:
    virtual ~ISchemaStateFactory() {}
    virtual ISchemaValidator* CreateSchemaValidator(const SchemaType&) = 0;
    virtual void DestroySchemaValidator(ISchemaValidator* validator) = 0;
    virtual void* CreateHasher() = 0;
    virtual uint64_t GetHashCode(void* hasher) = 0;
    virtual void DestroryHasher(void* hasher) = 0;
    virtual void* MallocState(size_t size) = 0;
    virtual void FreeState(void* p) = 0;
};
 
// IValidationErrorHandler
 
template <typename SchemaType>
class IValidationErrorHandler {
public:
    typedef typename SchemaType::Ch Ch;
    typedef typename SchemaType::SValue SValue;
 
    virtual ~IValidationErrorHandler() {}
 
    virtual void NotMultipleOf(int64_t actual, const SValue& expected) = 0;
    virtual void NotMultipleOf(uint64_t actual, const SValue& expected) = 0;
    virtual void NotMultipleOf(double actual, const SValue& expected) = 0;
    virtual void AboveMaximum(int64_t actual, const SValue& expected, bool exclusive) = 0;
    virtual void AboveMaximum(uint64_t actual, const SValue& expected, bool exclusive) = 0;
    virtual void AboveMaximum(double actual, const SValue& expected, bool exclusive) = 0;
    virtual void BelowMinimum(int64_t actual, const SValue& expected, bool exclusive) = 0;
    virtual void BelowMinimum(uint64_t actual, const SValue& expected, bool exclusive) = 0;
    virtual void BelowMinimum(double actual, const SValue& expected, bool exclusive) = 0;
 
    virtual void TooLong(const Ch* str, SizeType length, SizeType expected) = 0;
    virtual void TooShort(const Ch* str, SizeType length, SizeType expected) = 0;
    virtual void DoesNotMatch(const Ch* str, SizeType length) = 0;
 
    virtual void DisallowedItem(SizeType index) = 0;
    virtual void TooFewItems(SizeType actualCount, SizeType expectedCount) = 0;
    virtual void TooManyItems(SizeType actualCount, SizeType expectedCount) = 0;
    virtual void DuplicateItems(SizeType index1, SizeType index2) = 0;
 
    virtual void TooManyProperties(SizeType actualCount, SizeType expectedCount) = 0;
    virtual void TooFewProperties(SizeType actualCount, SizeType expectedCount) = 0;
    virtual void StartMissingProperties() = 0;
    virtual void AddMissingProperty(const SValue& name) = 0;
    virtual bool EndMissingProperties() = 0;
    virtual void PropertyViolations(ISchemaValidator** subvalidators, SizeType count) = 0;
    virtual void DisallowedProperty(const Ch* name, SizeType length) = 0;
 
    virtual void StartDependencyErrors() = 0;
    virtual void StartMissingDependentProperties() = 0;
    virtual void AddMissingDependentProperty(const SValue& targetName) = 0;
    virtual void EndMissingDependentProperties(const SValue& sourceName) = 0;
    virtual void AddDependencySchemaError(const SValue& souceName, ISchemaValidator* subvalidator) = 0;
    virtual bool EndDependencyErrors() = 0;
 
    virtual void DisallowedValue() = 0;
    virtual void StartDisallowedType() = 0;
    virtual void AddExpectedType(const typename SchemaType::ValueType& expectedType) = 0;
    virtual void EndDisallowedType(const typename SchemaType::ValueType& actualType) = 0;
    virtual void NotAllOf(ISchemaValidator** subvalidators, SizeType count) = 0;
    virtual void NoneOf(ISchemaValidator** subvalidators, SizeType count) = 0;
    virtual void NotOneOf(ISchemaValidator** subvalidators, SizeType count) = 0;
    virtual void Disallowed() = 0;
};
 
 
// Hasher
 
// For comparison of compound value
template<typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
class Hasher {
public:
    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
 
    Hasher(Allocator* allocator = 0, size_t stackCapacity = kDefaultSize) : stack_(allocator, stackCapacity) {}
 
    bool Null() { return WriteType(kNullType); }
    bool Bool(bool b) { return WriteType(b ? kTrueType : kFalseType); }
    bool Int(int i) { Number n; n.u.i = i; n.d = static_cast<double>(i); return WriteNumber(n); }
    bool Uint(unsigned u) { Number n; n.u.u = u; n.d = static_cast<double>(u); return WriteNumber(n); }
    bool Int64(int64_t i) { Number n; n.u.i = i; n.d = static_cast<double>(i); return WriteNumber(n); }
    bool Uint64(uint64_t u) { Number n; n.u.u = u; n.d = static_cast<double>(u); return WriteNumber(n); }
    bool Double(double d) { 
        Number n; 
        if (d < 0) n.u.i = static_cast<int64_t>(d);
        else       n.u.u = static_cast<uint64_t>(d); 
        n.d = d;
        return WriteNumber(n);
    }
 
    bool RawNumber(const Ch* str, SizeType len, bool) {
        WriteBuffer(kNumberType, str, len * sizeof(Ch));
        return true;
    }
 
    bool String(const Ch* str, SizeType len, bool) {
        WriteBuffer(kStringType, str, len * sizeof(Ch));
        return true;
    }
 
    bool StartObject() { return true; }
    bool Key(const Ch* str, SizeType len, bool copy) { return String(str, len, copy); }
    bool EndObject(SizeType memberCount) { 
        uint64_t h = Hash(0, kObjectType);
        uint64_t* kv = stack_.template Pop<uint64_t>(memberCount * 2);
        for (SizeType i = 0; i < memberCount; i++)
            h ^= Hash(kv[i * 2], kv[i * 2 + 1]);  // Use xor to achieve member order insensitive
        *stack_.template Push<uint64_t>() = h;
        return true;
    }
    
    bool StartArray() { return true; }
    bool EndArray(SizeType elementCount) { 
        uint64_t h = Hash(0, kArrayType);
        uint64_t* e = stack_.template Pop<uint64_t>(elementCount);
        for (SizeType i = 0; i < elementCount; i++)
            h = Hash(h, e[i]); // Use hash to achieve element order sensitive
        *stack_.template Push<uint64_t>() = h;
        return true;
    }
 
    bool IsValid() const { return stack_.GetSize() == sizeof(uint64_t); }
 
    uint64_t GetHashCode() const {
        CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsValid());
        return *stack_.template Top<uint64_t>();
    }
 
private:
    static const size_t kDefaultSize = 256;
    struct Number {
        union U {
            uint64_t u;
            int64_t i;
        }u;
        double d;
    };
 
    bool WriteType(Type type) { return WriteBuffer(type, 0, 0); }
    
    bool WriteNumber(const Number& n) { return WriteBuffer(kNumberType, &n, sizeof(n)); }
    
    bool WriteBuffer(Type type, const void* data, size_t len) {
        // FNV-1a from http://isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/fnv/
        uint64_t h = Hash(CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x84222325, 0xcbf29ce4), type);
        const unsigned char* d = static_cast<const unsigned char*>(data);
        for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
            h = Hash(h, d[i]);
        *stack_.template Push<uint64_t>() = h;
        return true;
    }
 
    static uint64_t Hash(uint64_t h, uint64_t d) {
        static const uint64_t kPrime = CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x00000100, 0x000001b3);
        h ^= d;
        h *= kPrime;
        return h;
    }
 
    Stack<Allocator> stack_;
};
 
// SchemaValidationContext
 
template <typename SchemaDocumentType>
struct SchemaValidationContext {
    typedef Schema<SchemaDocumentType> SchemaType;
    typedef ISchemaStateFactory<SchemaType> SchemaValidatorFactoryType;
    typedef IValidationErrorHandler<SchemaType> ErrorHandlerType;
    typedef typename SchemaType::ValueType ValueType;
    typedef typename ValueType::Ch Ch;
 
    enum PatternValidatorType {
        kPatternValidatorOnly,
        kPatternValidatorWithProperty,
        kPatternValidatorWithAdditionalProperty
    };
 
    SchemaValidationContext(SchemaValidatorFactoryType& f, ErrorHandlerType& eh, const SchemaType* s) :
        factory(f),
        error_handler(eh),
        schema(s),
        valueSchema(),
        invalidKeyword(),
        hasher(),
        arrayElementHashCodes(),
        validators(),
        validatorCount(),
        patternPropertiesValidators(),
        patternPropertiesValidatorCount(),
        patternPropertiesSchemas(),
        patternPropertiesSchemaCount(),
        valuePatternValidatorType(kPatternValidatorOnly),
        propertyExist(),
        inArray(false),
        valueUniqueness(false),
        arrayUniqueness(false)
    {
    }
 
    ~SchemaValidationContext() {
        if (hasher)
            factory.DestroryHasher(hasher);
        if (validators) {
            for (SizeType i = 0; i < validatorCount; i++)
                factory.DestroySchemaValidator(validators[i]);
            factory.FreeState(validators);
        }
        if (patternPropertiesValidators) {
            for (SizeType i = 0; i < patternPropertiesValidatorCount; i++)
                factory.DestroySchemaValidator(patternPropertiesValidators[i]);
            factory.FreeState(patternPropertiesValidators);
        }
        if (patternPropertiesSchemas)
            factory.FreeState(patternPropertiesSchemas);
        if (propertyExist)
            factory.FreeState(propertyExist);
    }
 
    SchemaValidatorFactoryType& factory;
    ErrorHandlerType& error_handler;
    const SchemaType* schema;
    const SchemaType* valueSchema;
    const Ch* invalidKeyword;
    void* hasher; // Only validator access
    void* arrayElementHashCodes; // Only validator access this
    ISchemaValidator** validators;
    SizeType validatorCount;
    ISchemaValidator** patternPropertiesValidators;
    SizeType patternPropertiesValidatorCount;
    const SchemaType** patternPropertiesSchemas;
    SizeType patternPropertiesSchemaCount;
    PatternValidatorType valuePatternValidatorType;
    PatternValidatorType objectPatternValidatorType;
    SizeType arrayElementIndex;
    bool* propertyExist;
    bool inArray;
    bool valueUniqueness;
    bool arrayUniqueness;
};
 
// Schema
 
template <typename SchemaDocumentType>
class Schema {
public:
    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::ValueType ValueType;
    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::AllocatorType AllocatorType;
    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::PointerType PointerType;
    typedef typename ValueType::EncodingType EncodingType;
    typedef typename EncodingType::Ch Ch;
    typedef SchemaValidationContext<SchemaDocumentType> Context;
    typedef Schema<SchemaDocumentType> SchemaType;
    typedef GenericValue<EncodingType, AllocatorType> SValue;
    typedef IValidationErrorHandler<Schema> ErrorHandler;
    friend class GenericSchemaDocument<ValueType, AllocatorType>;
 
    Schema(SchemaDocumentType* schemaDocument, const PointerType& p, const ValueType& value, const ValueType& document, AllocatorType* allocator) :
        allocator_(allocator),
        uri_(schemaDocument->GetURI(), *allocator),
        pointer_(p, allocator),
        typeless_(schemaDocument->GetTypeless()),
        enum_(),
        enumCount_(),
        not_(),
        type_((1 << kTotalSchemaType) - 1), // typeless
        validatorCount_(),
        notValidatorIndex_(),
        properties_(),
        additionalPropertiesSchema_(),
        patternProperties_(),
        patternPropertyCount_(),
        propertyCount_(),
        minProperties_(),
        maxProperties_(SizeType(~0)),
        additionalProperties_(true),
        hasDependencies_(),
        hasRequired_(),
        hasSchemaDependencies_(),
        additionalItemsSchema_(),
        itemsList_(),
        itemsTuple_(),
        itemsTupleCount_(),
        minItems_(),
        maxItems_(SizeType(~0)),
        additionalItems_(true),
        uniqueItems_(false),
        pattern_(),
        minLength_(0),
        maxLength_(~SizeType(0)),
        exclusiveMinimum_(false),
        exclusiveMaximum_(false),
        defaultValueLength_(0)
    {
        typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::ValueType ValueType;
        typedef typename ValueType::ConstValueIterator ConstValueIterator;
        typedef typename ValueType::ConstMemberIterator ConstMemberIterator;
 
        if (!value.IsObject())
            return;
 
        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetTypeString())) {
            type_ = 0;
            if (v->IsString())
                AddType(*v);
            else if (v->IsArray())
                for (ConstValueIterator itr = v->Begin(); itr != v->End(); ++itr)
                    AddType(*itr);
        }
 
        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetEnumString()))
            if (v->IsArray() && v->Size() > 0) {
                enum_ = static_cast<uint64_t*>(allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(uint64_t) * v->Size()));
                for (ConstValueIterator itr = v->Begin(); itr != v->End(); ++itr) {
                    typedef Hasher<EncodingType, MemoryPoolAllocator<> > EnumHasherType;
                    char buffer[256u + 24];
                    MemoryPoolAllocator<> hasherAllocator(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
                    EnumHasherType h(&hasherAllocator, 256);
                    itr->Accept(h);
                    enum_[enumCount_++] = h.GetHashCode();
                }
            }
 
        if (schemaDocument) {
            AssignIfExist(allOf_, *schemaDocument, p, value, GetAllOfString(), document);
            AssignIfExist(anyOf_, *schemaDocument, p, value, GetAnyOfString(), document);
            AssignIfExist(oneOf_, *schemaDocument, p, value, GetOneOfString(), document);
        }
 
        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetNotString())) {
            schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&not_, p.Append(GetNotString(), allocator_), *v, document);
            notValidatorIndex_ = validatorCount_;
            validatorCount_++;
        }
 
        // Object
 
        const ValueType* properties = GetMember(value, GetPropertiesString());
        const ValueType* required = GetMember(value, GetRequiredString());
        const ValueType* dependencies = GetMember(value, GetDependenciesString());
        {
            // Gather properties from properties/required/dependencies
            SValue allProperties(kArrayType);
 
            if (properties && properties->IsObject())
                for (ConstMemberIterator itr = properties->MemberBegin(); itr != properties->MemberEnd(); ++itr)
                    AddUniqueElement(allProperties, itr->name);
            
            if (required && required->IsArray())
                for (ConstValueIterator itr = required->Begin(); itr != required->End(); ++itr)
                    if (itr->IsString())
                        AddUniqueElement(allProperties, *itr);
 
            if (dependencies && dependencies->IsObject())
                for (ConstMemberIterator itr = dependencies->MemberBegin(); itr != dependencies->MemberEnd(); ++itr) {
                    AddUniqueElement(allProperties, itr->name);
                    if (itr->value.IsArray())
                        for (ConstValueIterator i = itr->value.Begin(); i != itr->value.End(); ++i)
                            if (i->IsString())
                                AddUniqueElement(allProperties, *i);
                }
 
            if (allProperties.Size() > 0) {
                propertyCount_ = allProperties.Size();
                properties_ = static_cast<Property*>(allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(Property) * propertyCount_));
                for (SizeType i = 0; i < propertyCount_; i++) {
                    new (&properties_[i]) Property();
                    properties_[i].name = allProperties[i];
                    properties_[i].schema = typeless_;
                }
            }
        }
 
        if (properties && properties->IsObject()) {
            PointerType q = p.Append(GetPropertiesString(), allocator_);
            for (ConstMemberIterator itr = properties->MemberBegin(); itr != properties->MemberEnd(); ++itr) {
                SizeType index;
                if (FindPropertyIndex(itr->name, &index))
                    schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&properties_[index].schema, q.Append(itr->name, allocator_), itr->value, document);
            }
        }
 
        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetPatternPropertiesString())) {
            PointerType q = p.Append(GetPatternPropertiesString(), allocator_);
            patternProperties_ = static_cast<PatternProperty*>(allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(PatternProperty) * v->MemberCount()));
            patternPropertyCount_ = 0;
 
            for (ConstMemberIterator itr = v->MemberBegin(); itr != v->MemberEnd(); ++itr) {
                new (&patternProperties_[patternPropertyCount_]) PatternProperty();
                patternProperties_[patternPropertyCount_].pattern = CreatePattern(itr->name);
                schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&patternProperties_[patternPropertyCount_].schema, q.Append(itr->name, allocator_), itr->value, document);
                patternPropertyCount_++;
            }
        }
 
        if (required && required->IsArray())
            for (ConstValueIterator itr = required->Begin(); itr != required->End(); ++itr)
                if (itr->IsString()) {
                    SizeType index;
                    if (FindPropertyIndex(*itr, &index)) {
                        properties_[index].required = true;
                        hasRequired_ = true;
                    }
                }
 
        if (dependencies && dependencies->IsObject()) {
            PointerType q = p.Append(GetDependenciesString(), allocator_);
            hasDependencies_ = true;
            for (ConstMemberIterator itr = dependencies->MemberBegin(); itr != dependencies->MemberEnd(); ++itr) {
                SizeType sourceIndex;
                if (FindPropertyIndex(itr->name, &sourceIndex)) {
                    if (itr->value.IsArray()) {
                        properties_[sourceIndex].dependencies = static_cast<bool*>(allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(bool) * propertyCount_));
                        std::memset(properties_[sourceIndex].dependencies, 0, sizeof(bool)* propertyCount_);
                        for (ConstValueIterator targetItr = itr->value.Begin(); targetItr != itr->value.End(); ++targetItr) {
                            SizeType targetIndex;
                            if (FindPropertyIndex(*targetItr, &targetIndex))
                                properties_[sourceIndex].dependencies[targetIndex] = true;
                        }
                    }
                    else if (itr->value.IsObject()) {
                        hasSchemaDependencies_ = true;
                        schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&properties_[sourceIndex].dependenciesSchema, q.Append(itr->name, allocator_), itr->value, document);
                        properties_[sourceIndex].dependenciesValidatorIndex = validatorCount_;
                        validatorCount_++;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
 
        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetAdditionalPropertiesString())) {
            if (v->IsBool())
                additionalProperties_ = v->GetBool();
            else if (v->IsObject())
                schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&additionalPropertiesSchema_, p.Append(GetAdditionalPropertiesString(), allocator_), *v, document);
        }
 
        AssignIfExist(minProperties_, value, GetMinPropertiesString());
        AssignIfExist(maxProperties_, value, GetMaxPropertiesString());
 
        // Array
        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetItemsString())) {
            PointerType q = p.Append(GetItemsString(), allocator_);
            if (v->IsObject()) // List validation
                schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&itemsList_, q, *v, document);
            else if (v->IsArray()) { // Tuple validation
                itemsTuple_ = static_cast<const Schema**>(allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(const Schema*) * v->Size()));
                SizeType index = 0;
                for (ConstValueIterator itr = v->Begin(); itr != v->End(); ++itr, index++)
                    schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&itemsTuple_[itemsTupleCount_++], q.Append(index, allocator_), *itr, document);
            }
        }
 
        AssignIfExist(minItems_, value, GetMinItemsString());
        AssignIfExist(maxItems_, value, GetMaxItemsString());
 
        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetAdditionalItemsString())) {
            if (v->IsBool())
                additionalItems_ = v->GetBool();
            else if (v->IsObject())
                schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&additionalItemsSchema_, p.Append(GetAdditionalItemsString(), allocator_), *v, document);
        }
 
        AssignIfExist(uniqueItems_, value, GetUniqueItemsString());
 
        // String
        AssignIfExist(minLength_, value, GetMinLengthString());
        AssignIfExist(maxLength_, value, GetMaxLengthString());
 
        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetPatternString()))
            pattern_ = CreatePattern(*v);
 
        // Number
        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetMinimumString()))
            if (v->IsNumber())
                minimum_.CopyFrom(*v, *allocator_);
 
        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetMaximumString()))
            if (v->IsNumber())
                maximum_.CopyFrom(*v, *allocator_);
 
        AssignIfExist(exclusiveMinimum_, value, GetExclusiveMinimumString());
        AssignIfExist(exclusiveMaximum_, value, GetExclusiveMaximumString());
 
        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetMultipleOfString()))
            if (v->IsNumber() && v->GetDouble() > 0.0)
                multipleOf_.CopyFrom(*v, *allocator_);
 
        // Default
        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetDefaultValueString()))
            if (v->IsString())
                defaultValueLength_ = v->GetStringLength();
 
    }
 
    ~Schema() {
        AllocatorType::Free(enum_);
        if (properties_) {
            for (SizeType i = 0; i < propertyCount_; i++)
                properties_[i].~Property();
            AllocatorType::Free(properties_);
        }
        if (patternProperties_) {
            for (SizeType i = 0; i < patternPropertyCount_; i++)
                patternProperties_[i].~PatternProperty();
            AllocatorType::Free(patternProperties_);
        }
        AllocatorType::Free(itemsTuple_);
#if CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HAS_REGEX
        if (pattern_) {
            pattern_->~RegexType();
            AllocatorType::Free(pattern_);
        }
#endif
    }
 
    const SValue& GetURI() const {
        return uri_;
    }
 
    const PointerType& GetPointer() const {
        return pointer_;
    }
 
    bool BeginValue(Context& context) const {
        if (context.inArray) {
            if (uniqueItems_)
                context.valueUniqueness = true;
 
            if (itemsList_)
                context.valueSchema = itemsList_;
            else if (itemsTuple_) {
                if (context.arrayElementIndex < itemsTupleCount_)
                    context.valueSchema = itemsTuple_[context.arrayElementIndex];
                else if (additionalItemsSchema_)
                    context.valueSchema = additionalItemsSchema_;
                else if (additionalItems_)
                    context.valueSchema = typeless_;
                else {
                    context.error_handler.DisallowedItem(context.arrayElementIndex);
                    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetItemsString());
                }
            }
            else
                context.valueSchema = typeless_;
 
            context.arrayElementIndex++;
        }
        return true;
    }
 
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE bool EndValue(Context& context) const {
        if (context.patternPropertiesValidatorCount > 0) {
            bool otherValid = false;
            SizeType count = context.patternPropertiesValidatorCount;
            if (context.objectPatternValidatorType != Context::kPatternValidatorOnly)
                otherValid = context.patternPropertiesValidators[--count]->IsValid();
 
            bool patternValid = true;
            for (SizeType i = 0; i < count; i++)
                if (!context.patternPropertiesValidators[i]->IsValid()) {
                    patternValid = false;
                    break;
                }
 
            if (context.objectPatternValidatorType == Context::kPatternValidatorOnly) {
                if (!patternValid) {
                    context.error_handler.PropertyViolations(context.patternPropertiesValidators, count);
                    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetPatternPropertiesString());
                }
            }
            else if (context.objectPatternValidatorType == Context::kPatternValidatorWithProperty) {
                if (!patternValid || !otherValid) {
                    context.error_handler.PropertyViolations(context.patternPropertiesValidators, count + 1);
                    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetPatternPropertiesString());
                }
            }
            else if (!patternValid && !otherValid) { // kPatternValidatorWithAdditionalProperty)
                context.error_handler.PropertyViolations(context.patternPropertiesValidators, count + 1);
                CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetPatternPropertiesString());
            }
        }
 
        if (enum_) {
            const uint64_t h = context.factory.GetHashCode(context.hasher);
            for (SizeType i = 0; i < enumCount_; i++)
                if (enum_[i] == h)
                    goto foundEnum;
            context.error_handler.DisallowedValue();
            CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetEnumString());
            foundEnum:;
        }
 
        if (allOf_.schemas)
            for (SizeType i = allOf_.begin; i < allOf_.begin + allOf_.count; i++)
                if (!context.validators[i]->IsValid()) {
                    context.error_handler.NotAllOf(&context.validators[allOf_.begin], allOf_.count);
                    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetAllOfString());
                }
        
        if (anyOf_.schemas) {
            for (SizeType i = anyOf_.begin; i < anyOf_.begin + anyOf_.count; i++)
                if (context.validators[i]->IsValid())
                    goto foundAny;
            context.error_handler.NoneOf(&context.validators[anyOf_.begin], anyOf_.count);
            CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetAnyOfString());
            foundAny:;
        }
 
        if (oneOf_.schemas) {
            bool oneValid = false;
            for (SizeType i = oneOf_.begin; i < oneOf_.begin + oneOf_.count; i++)
                if (context.validators[i]->IsValid()) {
                    if (oneValid) {
                        context.error_handler.NotOneOf(&context.validators[oneOf_.begin], oneOf_.count);
                        CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetOneOfString());
                    } else
                        oneValid = true;
                }
            if (!oneValid) {
                context.error_handler.NotOneOf(&context.validators[oneOf_.begin], oneOf_.count);
                CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetOneOfString());
            }
        }
 
        if (not_ && context.validators[notValidatorIndex_]->IsValid()) {
            context.error_handler.Disallowed();
            CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetNotString());
        }
 
        return true;
    }
 
    bool Null(Context& context) const {
        if (!(type_ & (1 << kNullSchemaType))) {
            DisallowedType(context, GetNullString());
            CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetTypeString());
        }
        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
    }
    
    bool Bool(Context& context, bool) const {
        if (!(type_ & (1 << kBooleanSchemaType))) {
            DisallowedType(context, GetBooleanString());
            CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetTypeString());
        }
        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
    }
 
    bool Int(Context& context, int i) const {
        if (!CheckInt(context, i))
            return false;
        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
    }
 
    bool Uint(Context& context, unsigned u) const {
        if (!CheckUint(context, u))
            return false;
        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
    }
 
    bool Int64(Context& context, int64_t i) const {
        if (!CheckInt(context, i))
            return false;
        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
    }
 
    bool Uint64(Context& context, uint64_t u) const {
        if (!CheckUint(context, u))
            return false;
        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
    }
 
    bool Double(Context& context, double d) const {
        if (!(type_ & (1 << kNumberSchemaType))) {
            DisallowedType(context, GetNumberString());
            CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetTypeString());
        }
 
        if (!minimum_.IsNull() && !CheckDoubleMinimum(context, d))
            return false;
 
        if (!maximum_.IsNull() && !CheckDoubleMaximum(context, d))
            return false;
        
        if (!multipleOf_.IsNull() && !CheckDoubleMultipleOf(context, d))
            return false;
        
        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
    }
    
    bool String(Context& context, const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool) const {
        if (!(type_ & (1 << kStringSchemaType))) {
            DisallowedType(context, GetStringString());
            CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetTypeString());
        }
 
        if (minLength_ != 0 || maxLength_ != SizeType(~0)) {
            SizeType count;
            if (internal::CountStringCodePoint<EncodingType>(str, length, &count)) {
                if (count < minLength_) {
                    context.error_handler.TooShort(str, length, minLength_);
                    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMinLengthString());
                }
                if (count > maxLength_) {
                    context.error_handler.TooLong(str, length, maxLength_);
                    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMaxLengthString());
                }
            }
        }
 
        if (pattern_ && !IsPatternMatch(pattern_, str, length)) {
            context.error_handler.DoesNotMatch(str, length);
            CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetPatternString());
        }
 
        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
    }
 
    bool StartObject(Context& context) const {
        if (!(type_ & (1 << kObjectSchemaType))) {
            DisallowedType(context, GetObjectString());
            CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetTypeString());
        }
 
        if (hasDependencies_ || hasRequired_) {
            context.propertyExist = static_cast<bool*>(context.factory.MallocState(sizeof(bool) * propertyCount_));
            std::memset(context.propertyExist, 0, sizeof(bool) * propertyCount_);
        }
 
        if (patternProperties_) { // pre-allocate schema array
            SizeType count = patternPropertyCount_ + 1; // extra for valuePatternValidatorType
            context.patternPropertiesSchemas = static_cast<const SchemaType**>(context.factory.MallocState(sizeof(const SchemaType*) * count));
            context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount = 0;
            std::memset(context.patternPropertiesSchemas, 0, sizeof(SchemaType*) * count);
        }
 
        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
    }
    
    bool Key(Context& context, const Ch* str, SizeType len, bool) const {
        if (patternProperties_) {
            context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount = 0;
            for (SizeType i = 0; i < patternPropertyCount_; i++)
                if (patternProperties_[i].pattern && IsPatternMatch(patternProperties_[i].pattern, str, len)) {
                    context.patternPropertiesSchemas[context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount++] = patternProperties_[i].schema;
                    context.valueSchema = typeless_;
                }
        }
 
        SizeType index;
        if (FindPropertyIndex(ValueType(str, len).Move(), &index)) {
            if (context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount > 0) {
                context.patternPropertiesSchemas[context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount++] = properties_[index].schema;
                context.valueSchema = typeless_;
                context.valuePatternValidatorType = Context::kPatternValidatorWithProperty;
            }
            else
                context.valueSchema = properties_[index].schema;
 
            if (context.propertyExist)
                context.propertyExist[index] = true;
 
            return true;
        }
 
        if (additionalPropertiesSchema_) {
            if (additionalPropertiesSchema_ && context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount > 0) {
                context.patternPropertiesSchemas[context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount++] = additionalPropertiesSchema_;
                context.valueSchema = typeless_;
                context.valuePatternValidatorType = Context::kPatternValidatorWithAdditionalProperty;
            }
            else
                context.valueSchema = additionalPropertiesSchema_;
            return true;
        }
        else if (additionalProperties_) {
            context.valueSchema = typeless_;
            return true;
        }
 
        if (context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount == 0) { // patternProperties are not additional properties
            context.error_handler.DisallowedProperty(str, len);
            CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetAdditionalPropertiesString());
        }
 
        return true;
    }
 
    bool EndObject(Context& context, SizeType memberCount) const {
        if (hasRequired_) {
            context.error_handler.StartMissingProperties();
            for (SizeType index = 0; index < propertyCount_; index++)
                if (properties_[index].required && !context.propertyExist[index])
                    if (properties_[index].schema->defaultValueLength_ == 0 )
                        context.error_handler.AddMissingProperty(properties_[index].name);
            if (context.error_handler.EndMissingProperties())
                CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetRequiredString());
        }
 
        if (memberCount < minProperties_) {
            context.error_handler.TooFewProperties(memberCount, minProperties_);
            CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMinPropertiesString());
        }
 
        if (memberCount > maxProperties_) {
            context.error_handler.TooManyProperties(memberCount, maxProperties_);
            CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMaxPropertiesString());
        }
 
        if (hasDependencies_) {
            context.error_handler.StartDependencyErrors();
            for (SizeType sourceIndex = 0; sourceIndex < propertyCount_; sourceIndex++) {
                const Property& source = properties_[sourceIndex];
                if (context.propertyExist[sourceIndex]) {
                    if (source.dependencies) {
                        context.error_handler.StartMissingDependentProperties();
                        for (SizeType targetIndex = 0; targetIndex < propertyCount_; targetIndex++)
                            if (source.dependencies[targetIndex] && !context.propertyExist[targetIndex])
                                context.error_handler.AddMissingDependentProperty(properties_[targetIndex].name);
                        context.error_handler.EndMissingDependentProperties(source.name);
                    }
                    else if (source.dependenciesSchema) {
                        ISchemaValidator* dependenciesValidator = context.validators[source.dependenciesValidatorIndex];
                        if (!dependenciesValidator->IsValid())
                            context.error_handler.AddDependencySchemaError(source.name, dependenciesValidator);
                    }
                }
            }
            if (context.error_handler.EndDependencyErrors())
                CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetDependenciesString());
        }
 
        return true;
    }
 
    bool StartArray(Context& context) const {
        if (!(type_ & (1 << kArraySchemaType))) {
            DisallowedType(context, GetArrayString());
            CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetTypeString());
        }
 
        context.arrayElementIndex = 0;
        context.inArray = true;
 
        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
    }
 
    bool EndArray(Context& context, SizeType elementCount) const {
        context.inArray = false;
        
        if (elementCount < minItems_) {
            context.error_handler.TooFewItems(elementCount, minItems_);
            CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMinItemsString());
        }
        
        if (elementCount > maxItems_) {
            context.error_handler.TooManyItems(elementCount, maxItems_);
            CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMaxItemsString());
        }
 
        return true;
    }
 
    // Generate functions for string literal according to Ch
#define CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(name, ...) \
    static const ValueType& Get##name##String() {\
        static const Ch s[] = { __VA_ARGS__, '\0' };\
        static const ValueType v(s, static_cast<SizeType>(sizeof(s) / sizeof(Ch) - 1));\
        return v;\
    }
 
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Null, 'n', 'u', 'l', 'l')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Boolean, 'b', 'o', 'o', 'l', 'e', 'a', 'n')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Object, 'o', 'b', 'j', 'e', 'c', 't')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Array, 'a', 'r', 'r', 'a', 'y')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(String, 's', 't', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'g')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Number, 'n', 'u', 'm', 'b', 'e', 'r')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Integer, 'i', 'n', 't', 'e', 'g', 'e', 'r')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Type, 't', 'y', 'p', 'e')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Enum, 'e', 'n', 'u', 'm')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(AllOf, 'a', 'l', 'l', 'O', 'f')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(AnyOf, 'a', 'n', 'y', 'O', 'f')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(OneOf, 'o', 'n', 'e', 'O', 'f')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Not, 'n', 'o', 't')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Properties, 'p', 'r', 'o', 'p', 'e', 'r', 't', 'i', 'e', 's')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Required, 'r', 'e', 'q', 'u', 'i', 'r', 'e', 'd')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Dependencies, 'd', 'e', 'p', 'e', 'n', 'd', 'e', 'n', 'c', 'i', 'e', 's')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(PatternProperties, 'p', 'a', 't', 't', 'e', 'r', 'n', 'P', 'r', 'o', 'p', 'e', 'r', 't', 'i', 'e', 's')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(AdditionalProperties, 'a', 'd', 'd', 'i', 't', 'i', 'o', 'n', 'a', 'l', 'P', 'r', 'o', 'p', 'e', 'r', 't', 'i', 'e', 's')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(MinProperties, 'm', 'i', 'n', 'P', 'r', 'o', 'p', 'e', 'r', 't', 'i', 'e', 's')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(MaxProperties, 'm', 'a', 'x', 'P', 'r', 'o', 'p', 'e', 'r', 't', 'i', 'e', 's')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Items, 'i', 't', 'e', 'm', 's')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(MinItems, 'm', 'i', 'n', 'I', 't', 'e', 'm', 's')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(MaxItems, 'm', 'a', 'x', 'I', 't', 'e', 'm', 's')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(AdditionalItems, 'a', 'd', 'd', 'i', 't', 'i', 'o', 'n', 'a', 'l', 'I', 't', 'e', 'm', 's')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(UniqueItems, 'u', 'n', 'i', 'q', 'u', 'e', 'I', 't', 'e', 'm', 's')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(MinLength, 'm', 'i', 'n', 'L', 'e', 'n', 'g', 't', 'h')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(MaxLength, 'm', 'a', 'x', 'L', 'e', 'n', 'g', 't', 'h')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Pattern, 'p', 'a', 't', 't', 'e', 'r', 'n')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Minimum, 'm', 'i', 'n', 'i', 'm', 'u', 'm')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Maximum, 'm', 'a', 'x', 'i', 'm', 'u', 'm')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(ExclusiveMinimum, 'e', 'x', 'c', 'l', 'u', 's', 'i', 'v', 'e', 'M', 'i', 'n', 'i', 'm', 'u', 'm')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(ExclusiveMaximum, 'e', 'x', 'c', 'l', 'u', 's', 'i', 'v', 'e', 'M', 'a', 'x', 'i', 'm', 'u', 'm')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(MultipleOf, 'm', 'u', 'l', 't', 'i', 'p', 'l', 'e', 'O', 'f')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(DefaultValue, 'd', 'e', 'f', 'a', 'u', 'l', 't')
 
#undef CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_
 
private:
    enum SchemaValueType {
        kNullSchemaType,
        kBooleanSchemaType,
        kObjectSchemaType,
        kArraySchemaType,
        kStringSchemaType,
        kNumberSchemaType,
        kIntegerSchemaType,
        kTotalSchemaType
    };
 
#if CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX
        typedef internal::GenericRegex<EncodingType, AllocatorType> RegexType;
#elif CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX
        typedef std::basic_regex<Ch> RegexType;
#else
        typedef char RegexType;
#endif
 
    struct SchemaArray {
        SchemaArray() : schemas(), count() {}
        ~SchemaArray() { AllocatorType::Free(schemas); }
        const SchemaType** schemas;
        SizeType begin; // begin index of context.validators
        SizeType count;
    };
 
    template <typename V1, typename V2>
    void AddUniqueElement(V1& a, const V2& v) {
        for (typename V1::ConstValueIterator itr = a.Begin(); itr != a.End(); ++itr)
            if (*itr == v)
                return;
        V1 c(v, *allocator_);
        a.PushBack(c, *allocator_);
    }
 
    static const ValueType* GetMember(const ValueType& value, const ValueType& name) {
        typename ValueType::ConstMemberIterator itr = value.FindMember(name);
        return itr != value.MemberEnd() ? &(itr->value) : 0;
    }
 
    static void AssignIfExist(bool& out, const ValueType& value, const ValueType& name) {
        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, name))
            if (v->IsBool())
                out = v->GetBool();
    }
 
    static void AssignIfExist(SizeType& out, const ValueType& value, const ValueType& name) {
        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, name))
            if (v->IsUint64() && v->GetUint64() <= SizeType(~0))
                out = static_cast<SizeType>(v->GetUint64());
    }
 
    void AssignIfExist(SchemaArray& out, SchemaDocumentType& schemaDocument, const PointerType& p, const ValueType& value, const ValueType& name, const ValueType& document) {
        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, name)) {
            if (v->IsArray() && v->Size() > 0) {
                PointerType q = p.Append(name, allocator_);
                out.count = v->Size();
                out.schemas = static_cast<const Schema**>(allocator_->Malloc(out.count * sizeof(const Schema*)));
                memset(out.schemas, 0, sizeof(Schema*)* out.count);
                for (SizeType i = 0; i < out.count; i++)
                    schemaDocument.CreateSchema(&out.schemas[i], q.Append(i, allocator_), (*v)[i], document);
                out.begin = validatorCount_;
                validatorCount_ += out.count;
            }
        }
    }
 
#if CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX
    template <typename ValueType>
    RegexType* CreatePattern(const ValueType& value) {
        if (value.IsString()) {
            RegexType* r = new (allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(RegexType))) RegexType(value.GetString(), allocator_);
            if (!r->IsValid()) {
                r->~RegexType();
                AllocatorType::Free(r);
                r = 0;
            }
            return r;
        }
        return 0;
    }
 
    static bool IsPatternMatch(const RegexType* pattern, const Ch *str, SizeType) {
        GenericRegexSearch<RegexType> rs(*pattern);
        return rs.Search(str);
    }
#elif CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX
    template <typename ValueType>
    RegexType* CreatePattern(const ValueType& value) {
        if (value.IsString()) {
            RegexType *r = static_cast<RegexType*>(allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(RegexType)));
            try {
                return new (r) RegexType(value.GetString(), std::size_t(value.GetStringLength()), std::regex_constants::ECMAScript);
            }
            catch (const std::regex_error&) {
                AllocatorType::Free(r);
            }
        }
        return 0;
    }
 
    static bool IsPatternMatch(const RegexType* pattern, const Ch *str, SizeType length) {
        std::match_results<const Ch*> r;
        return std::regex_search(str, str + length, r, *pattern);
    }
#else
    template <typename ValueType>
    RegexType* CreatePattern(const ValueType&) { return 0; }
 
    static bool IsPatternMatch(const RegexType*, const Ch *, SizeType) { return true; }
#endif // CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX
 
    void AddType(const ValueType& type) {
        if      (type == GetNullString()   ) type_ |= 1 << kNullSchemaType;
        else if (type == GetBooleanString()) type_ |= 1 << kBooleanSchemaType;
        else if (type == GetObjectString() ) type_ |= 1 << kObjectSchemaType;
        else if (type == GetArrayString()  ) type_ |= 1 << kArraySchemaType;
        else if (type == GetStringString() ) type_ |= 1 << kStringSchemaType;
        else if (type == GetIntegerString()) type_ |= 1 << kIntegerSchemaType;
        else if (type == GetNumberString() ) type_ |= (1 << kNumberSchemaType) | (1 << kIntegerSchemaType);
    }
 
    bool CreateParallelValidator(Context& context) const {
        if (enum_ || context.arrayUniqueness)
            context.hasher = context.factory.CreateHasher();
 
        if (validatorCount_) {
            CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(context.validators == 0);
            context.validators = static_cast<ISchemaValidator**>(context.factory.MallocState(sizeof(ISchemaValidator*) * validatorCount_));
            context.validatorCount = validatorCount_;
 
            if (allOf_.schemas)
                CreateSchemaValidators(context, allOf_);
 
            if (anyOf_.schemas)
                CreateSchemaValidators(context, anyOf_);
            
            if (oneOf_.schemas)
                CreateSchemaValidators(context, oneOf_);
            
            if (not_)
                context.validators[notValidatorIndex_] = context.factory.CreateSchemaValidator(*not_);
            
            if (hasSchemaDependencies_) {
                for (SizeType i = 0; i < propertyCount_; i++)
                    if (properties_[i].dependenciesSchema)
                        context.validators[properties_[i].dependenciesValidatorIndex] = context.factory.CreateSchemaValidator(*properties_[i].dependenciesSchema);
            }
        }
 
        return true;
    }
 
    void CreateSchemaValidators(Context& context, const SchemaArray& schemas) const {
        for (SizeType i = 0; i < schemas.count; i++)
            context.validators[schemas.begin + i] = context.factory.CreateSchemaValidator(*schemas.schemas[i]);
    }
 
    // O(n)
    bool FindPropertyIndex(const ValueType& name, SizeType* outIndex) const {
        SizeType len = name.GetStringLength();
        const Ch* str = name.GetString();
        for (SizeType index = 0; index < propertyCount_; index++)
            if (properties_[index].name.GetStringLength() == len && 
                (std::memcmp(properties_[index].name.GetString(), str, sizeof(Ch) * len) == 0))
            {
                *outIndex = index;
                return true;
            }
        return false;
    }
 
    bool CheckInt(Context& context, int64_t i) const {
        if (!(type_ & ((1 << kIntegerSchemaType) | (1 << kNumberSchemaType)))) {
            DisallowedType(context, GetIntegerString());
            CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetTypeString());
        }
 
        if (!minimum_.IsNull()) {
            if (minimum_.IsInt64()) {
                if (exclusiveMinimum_ ? i <= minimum_.GetInt64() : i < minimum_.GetInt64()) {
                    context.error_handler.BelowMinimum(i, minimum_, exclusiveMinimum_);
                    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMinimumString());
                }
            }
            else if (minimum_.IsUint64()) {
                context.error_handler.BelowMinimum(i, minimum_, exclusiveMinimum_);
                CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMinimumString()); // i <= max(int64_t) < minimum.GetUint64()
            }
            else if (!CheckDoubleMinimum(context, static_cast<double>(i)))
                return false;
        }
 
        if (!maximum_.IsNull()) {
            if (maximum_.IsInt64()) {
                if (exclusiveMaximum_ ? i >= maximum_.GetInt64() : i > maximum_.GetInt64()) {
                    context.error_handler.AboveMaximum(i, maximum_, exclusiveMaximum_);
                    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMaximumString());
                }
            }
            else if (maximum_.IsUint64()) { }
                /* do nothing */ // i <= max(int64_t) < maximum_.GetUint64()
            else if (!CheckDoubleMaximum(context, static_cast<double>(i)))
                return false;
        }
 
        if (!multipleOf_.IsNull()) {
            if (multipleOf_.IsUint64()) {
                if (static_cast<uint64_t>(i >= 0 ? i : -i) % multipleOf_.GetUint64() != 0) {
                    context.error_handler.NotMultipleOf(i, multipleOf_);
                    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMultipleOfString());
                }
            }
            else if (!CheckDoubleMultipleOf(context, static_cast<double>(i)))
                return false;
        }
 
        return true;
    }
 
    bool CheckUint(Context& context, uint64_t i) const {
        if (!(type_ & ((1 << kIntegerSchemaType) | (1 << kNumberSchemaType)))) {
            DisallowedType(context, GetIntegerString());
            CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetTypeString());
        }
 
        if (!minimum_.IsNull()) {
            if (minimum_.IsUint64()) {
                if (exclusiveMinimum_ ? i <= minimum_.GetUint64() : i < minimum_.GetUint64()) {
                    context.error_handler.BelowMinimum(i, minimum_, exclusiveMinimum_);
                    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMinimumString());
                }
            }
            else if (minimum_.IsInt64())
                /* do nothing */; // i >= 0 > minimum.Getint64()
            else if (!CheckDoubleMinimum(context, static_cast<double>(i)))
                return false;
        }
 
        if (!maximum_.IsNull()) {
            if (maximum_.IsUint64()) {
                if (exclusiveMaximum_ ? i >= maximum_.GetUint64() : i > maximum_.GetUint64()) {
                    context.error_handler.AboveMaximum(i, maximum_, exclusiveMaximum_);
                    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMaximumString());
                }
            }
            else if (maximum_.IsInt64()) {
                context.error_handler.AboveMaximum(i, maximum_, exclusiveMaximum_);
                CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMaximumString()); // i >= 0 > maximum_
            }
            else if (!CheckDoubleMaximum(context, static_cast<double>(i)))
                return false;
        }
 
        if (!multipleOf_.IsNull()) {
            if (multipleOf_.IsUint64()) {
                if (i % multipleOf_.GetUint64() != 0) {
                    context.error_handler.NotMultipleOf(i, multipleOf_);
                    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMultipleOfString());
                }
            }
            else if (!CheckDoubleMultipleOf(context, static_cast<double>(i)))
                return false;
        }
 
        return true;
    }
 
    bool CheckDoubleMinimum(Context& context, double d) const {
        if (exclusiveMinimum_ ? d <= minimum_.GetDouble() : d < minimum_.GetDouble()) {
            context.error_handler.BelowMinimum(d, minimum_, exclusiveMinimum_);
            CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMinimumString());
        }
        return true;
    }
 
    bool CheckDoubleMaximum(Context& context, double d) const {
        if (exclusiveMaximum_ ? d >= maximum_.GetDouble() : d > maximum_.GetDouble()) {
            context.error_handler.AboveMaximum(d, maximum_, exclusiveMaximum_);
            CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMaximumString());
        }
        return true;
    }
 
    bool CheckDoubleMultipleOf(Context& context, double d) const {
        double a = std::abs(d), b = std::abs(multipleOf_.GetDouble());
        double q = std::floor(a / b);
        double r = a - q * b;
        if (r > 0.0) {
            context.error_handler.NotMultipleOf(d, multipleOf_);
            CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMultipleOfString());
        }
        return true;
    }
 
    void DisallowedType(Context& context, const ValueType& actualType) const {
        ErrorHandler& eh = context.error_handler;
        eh.StartDisallowedType();
 
        if (type_ & (1 << kNullSchemaType)) eh.AddExpectedType(GetNullString());
        if (type_ & (1 << kBooleanSchemaType)) eh.AddExpectedType(GetBooleanString());
        if (type_ & (1 << kObjectSchemaType)) eh.AddExpectedType(GetObjectString());
        if (type_ & (1 << kArraySchemaType)) eh.AddExpectedType(GetArrayString());
        if (type_ & (1 << kStringSchemaType)) eh.AddExpectedType(GetStringString());
 
        if (type_ & (1 << kNumberSchemaType)) eh.AddExpectedType(GetNumberString());
        else if (type_ & (1 << kIntegerSchemaType)) eh.AddExpectedType(GetIntegerString());
 
        eh.EndDisallowedType(actualType);
    }
 
    struct Property {
        Property() : schema(), dependenciesSchema(), dependenciesValidatorIndex(), dependencies(), required(false) {}
        ~Property() { AllocatorType::Free(dependencies); }
        SValue name;
        const SchemaType* schema;
        const SchemaType* dependenciesSchema;
        SizeType dependenciesValidatorIndex;
        bool* dependencies;
        bool required;
    };
 
    struct PatternProperty {
        PatternProperty() : schema(), pattern() {}
        ~PatternProperty() { 
            if (pattern) {
                pattern->~RegexType();
                AllocatorType::Free(pattern);
            }
        }
        const SchemaType* schema;
        RegexType* pattern;
    };
 
    AllocatorType* allocator_;
    SValue uri_;
    PointerType pointer_;
    const SchemaType* typeless_;
    uint64_t* enum_;
    SizeType enumCount_;
    SchemaArray allOf_;
    SchemaArray anyOf_;
    SchemaArray oneOf_;
    const SchemaType* not_;
    unsigned type_; // bitmask of kSchemaType
    SizeType validatorCount_;
    SizeType notValidatorIndex_;
 
    Property* properties_;
    const SchemaType* additionalPropertiesSchema_;
    PatternProperty* patternProperties_;
    SizeType patternPropertyCount_;
    SizeType propertyCount_;
    SizeType minProperties_;
    SizeType maxProperties_;
    bool additionalProperties_;
    bool hasDependencies_;
    bool hasRequired_;
    bool hasSchemaDependencies_;
 
    const SchemaType* additionalItemsSchema_;
    const SchemaType* itemsList_;
    const SchemaType** itemsTuple_;
    SizeType itemsTupleCount_;
    SizeType minItems_;
    SizeType maxItems_;
    bool additionalItems_;
    bool uniqueItems_;
 
    RegexType* pattern_;
    SizeType minLength_;
    SizeType maxLength_;
 
    SValue minimum_;
    SValue maximum_;
    SValue multipleOf_;
    bool exclusiveMinimum_;
    bool exclusiveMaximum_;
    
    SizeType defaultValueLength_;
};
 
template<typename Stack, typename Ch>
struct TokenHelper {
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static void AppendIndexToken(Stack& documentStack, SizeType index) {
        *documentStack.template Push<Ch>() = '/';
        char buffer[21];
        size_t length = static_cast<size_t>((sizeof(SizeType) == 4 ? u32toa(index, buffer) : u64toa(index, buffer)) - buffer);
        for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++)
            *documentStack.template Push<Ch>() = static_cast<Ch>(buffer[i]);
    }
};
 
// Partial specialized version for char to prevent buffer copying.
template <typename Stack>
struct TokenHelper<Stack, char> {
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static void AppendIndexToken(Stack& documentStack, SizeType index) {
        if (sizeof(SizeType) == 4) {
            char *buffer = documentStack.template Push<char>(1 + 10); // '/' + uint
            *buffer++ = '/';
            const char* end = internal::u32toa(index, buffer);
             documentStack.template Pop<char>(static_cast<size_t>(10 - (end - buffer)));
        }
        else {
            char *buffer = documentStack.template Push<char>(1 + 20); // '/' + uint64
            *buffer++ = '/';
            const char* end = internal::u64toa(index, buffer);
            documentStack.template Pop<char>(static_cast<size_t>(20 - (end - buffer)));
        }
    }
};
 
} // namespace internal
 
// IGenericRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider
 
template <typename SchemaDocumentType>
class IGenericRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider {
public:
    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::Ch Ch;
 
    virtual ~IGenericRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider() {}
    virtual const SchemaDocumentType* GetRemoteDocument(const Ch* uri, SizeType length) = 0;
};
 
// GenericSchemaDocument
 
 
template <typename ValueT, typename Allocator = CrtAllocator>
class GenericSchemaDocument {
public:
    typedef ValueT ValueType;
    typedef IGenericRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider<GenericSchemaDocument> IRemoteSchemaDocumentProviderType;
    typedef Allocator AllocatorType;
    typedef typename ValueType::EncodingType EncodingType;
    typedef typename EncodingType::Ch Ch;
    typedef internal::Schema<GenericSchemaDocument> SchemaType;
    typedef GenericPointer<ValueType, Allocator> PointerType;
    typedef GenericValue<EncodingType, Allocator> URIType;
    friend class internal::Schema<GenericSchemaDocument>;
    template <typename, typename, typename>
    friend class GenericSchemaValidator;
 
 
    explicit GenericSchemaDocument(const ValueType& document, const Ch* uri = 0, SizeType uriLength = 0,
        IRemoteSchemaDocumentProviderType* remoteProvider = 0, Allocator* allocator = 0) :
        remoteProvider_(remoteProvider),
        allocator_(allocator),
        ownAllocator_(),
        root_(),
        typeless_(),
        schemaMap_(allocator, kInitialSchemaMapSize),
        schemaRef_(allocator, kInitialSchemaRefSize)
    {
        if (!allocator_)
            ownAllocator_ = allocator_ = CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_NEW(Allocator)();
 
        Ch noUri[1] = {0};
        uri_.SetString(uri ? uri : noUri, uriLength, *allocator_);
 
        typeless_ = static_cast<SchemaType*>(allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(SchemaType)));
        new (typeless_) SchemaType(this, PointerType(), ValueType(kObjectType).Move(), ValueType(kObjectType).Move(), allocator_);
 
        // Generate root schema, it will call CreateSchema() to create sub-schemas,
        // And call AddRefSchema() if there are $ref.
        CreateSchemaRecursive(&root_, PointerType(), document, document);
 
        // Resolve $ref
        while (!schemaRef_.Empty()) {
            SchemaRefEntry* refEntry = schemaRef_.template Pop<SchemaRefEntry>(1);
            if (const SchemaType* s = GetSchema(refEntry->target)) {
                if (refEntry->schema)
                    *refEntry->schema = s;
 
                // Create entry in map if not exist
                if (!GetSchema(refEntry->source)) {
                    new (schemaMap_.template Push<SchemaEntry>()) SchemaEntry(refEntry->source, const_cast<SchemaType*>(s), false, allocator_);
                }
            }
            else if (refEntry->schema)
                *refEntry->schema = typeless_;
 
            refEntry->~SchemaRefEntry();
        }
 
        CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(root_ != 0);
 
        schemaRef_.ShrinkToFit(); // Deallocate all memory for ref
    }
 
#if CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
    GenericSchemaDocument(GenericSchemaDocument&& rhs) CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT :
        remoteProvider_(rhs.remoteProvider_),
        allocator_(rhs.allocator_),
        ownAllocator_(rhs.ownAllocator_),
        root_(rhs.root_),
        typeless_(rhs.typeless_),
        schemaMap_(std::move(rhs.schemaMap_)),
        schemaRef_(std::move(rhs.schemaRef_)),
        uri_(std::move(rhs.uri_))
    {
        rhs.remoteProvider_ = 0;
        rhs.allocator_ = 0;
        rhs.ownAllocator_ = 0;
        rhs.typeless_ = 0;
    }
#endif
 
    ~GenericSchemaDocument() {
        while (!schemaMap_.Empty())
            schemaMap_.template Pop<SchemaEntry>(1)->~SchemaEntry();
 
        if (typeless_) {
            typeless_->~SchemaType();
            Allocator::Free(typeless_);
        }
 
        CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_DELETE(ownAllocator_);
    }
 
    const URIType& GetURI() const { return uri_; }
 
    const SchemaType& GetRoot() const { return *root_; }
 
private:
    GenericSchemaDocument(const GenericSchemaDocument&);
    GenericSchemaDocument& operator=(const GenericSchemaDocument&);
 
    struct SchemaRefEntry {
        SchemaRefEntry(const PointerType& s, const PointerType& t, const SchemaType** outSchema, Allocator *allocator) : source(s, allocator), target(t, allocator), schema(outSchema) {}
        PointerType source;
        PointerType target;
        const SchemaType** schema;
    };
 
    struct SchemaEntry {
        SchemaEntry(const PointerType& p, SchemaType* s, bool o, Allocator* allocator) : pointer(p, allocator), schema(s), owned(o) {}
        ~SchemaEntry() {
            if (owned) {
                schema->~SchemaType();
                Allocator::Free(schema);
            }
        }
        PointerType pointer;
        SchemaType* schema;
        bool owned;
    };
 
    void CreateSchemaRecursive(const SchemaType** schema, const PointerType& pointer, const ValueType& v, const ValueType& document) {
        if (schema)
            *schema = typeless_;
 
        if (v.GetType() == kObjectType) {
            const SchemaType* s = GetSchema(pointer);
            if (!s)
                CreateSchema(schema, pointer, v, document);
 
            for (typename ValueType::ConstMemberIterator itr = v.MemberBegin(); itr != v.MemberEnd(); ++itr)
                CreateSchemaRecursive(0, pointer.Append(itr->name, allocator_), itr->value, document);
        }
        else if (v.GetType() == kArrayType)
            for (SizeType i = 0; i < v.Size(); i++)
                CreateSchemaRecursive(0, pointer.Append(i, allocator_), v[i], document);
    }
 
    void CreateSchema(const SchemaType** schema, const PointerType& pointer, const ValueType& v, const ValueType& document) {
        CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(pointer.IsValid());
        if (v.IsObject()) {
            if (!HandleRefSchema(pointer, schema, v, document)) {
                SchemaType* s = new (allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(SchemaType))) SchemaType(this, pointer, v, document, allocator_);
                new (schemaMap_.template Push<SchemaEntry>()) SchemaEntry(pointer, s, true, allocator_);
                if (schema)
                    *schema = s;
            }
        }
    }
 
    bool HandleRefSchema(const PointerType& source, const SchemaType** schema, const ValueType& v, const ValueType& document) {
        static const Ch kRefString[] = { '$', 'r', 'e', 'f', '\0' };
        static const ValueType kRefValue(kRefString, 4);
 
        typename ValueType::ConstMemberIterator itr = v.FindMember(kRefValue);
        if (itr == v.MemberEnd())
            return false;
 
        if (itr->value.IsString()) {
            SizeType len = itr->value.GetStringLength();
            if (len > 0) {
                const Ch* s = itr->value.GetString();
                SizeType i = 0;
                while (i < len && s[i] != '#') // Find the first #
                    i++;
 
                if (i > 0) { // Remote reference, resolve immediately
                    if (remoteProvider_) {
                        if (const GenericSchemaDocument* remoteDocument = remoteProvider_->GetRemoteDocument(s, i)) {
                            PointerType pointer(&s[i], len - i, allocator_);
                            if (pointer.IsValid()) {
                                if (const SchemaType* sc = remoteDocument->GetSchema(pointer)) {
                                    if (schema)
                                        *schema = sc;
                                    new (schemaMap_.template Push<SchemaEntry>()) SchemaEntry(source, const_cast<SchemaType*>(sc), false, allocator_);
                                    return true;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                else if (s[i] == '#') { // Local reference, defer resolution
                    PointerType pointer(&s[i], len - i, allocator_);
                    if (pointer.IsValid()) {
                        if (const ValueType* nv = pointer.Get(document))
                            if (HandleRefSchema(source, schema, *nv, document))
                                return true;
 
                        new (schemaRef_.template Push<SchemaRefEntry>()) SchemaRefEntry(source, pointer, schema, allocator_);
                        return true;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
 
    const SchemaType* GetSchema(const PointerType& pointer) const {
        for (const SchemaEntry* target = schemaMap_.template Bottom<SchemaEntry>(); target != schemaMap_.template End<SchemaEntry>(); ++target)
            if (pointer == target->pointer)
                return target->schema;
        return 0;
    }
 
    PointerType GetPointer(const SchemaType* schema) const {
        for (const SchemaEntry* target = schemaMap_.template Bottom<SchemaEntry>(); target != schemaMap_.template End<SchemaEntry>(); ++target)
            if (schema == target->schema)
                return target->pointer;
        return PointerType();
    }
 
    const SchemaType* GetTypeless() const { return typeless_; }
 
    static const size_t kInitialSchemaMapSize = 64;
    static const size_t kInitialSchemaRefSize = 64;
 
    IRemoteSchemaDocumentProviderType* remoteProvider_;
    Allocator *allocator_;
    Allocator *ownAllocator_;
    const SchemaType* root_;                
    SchemaType* typeless_;
    internal::Stack<Allocator> schemaMap_;  // Stores created Pointer -> Schemas
    internal::Stack<Allocator> schemaRef_;  // Stores Pointer from $ref and schema which holds the $ref
    URIType uri_;
};
 
typedef GenericSchemaDocument<Value> SchemaDocument;
typedef IGenericRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider<SchemaDocument> IRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider;
 
// GenericSchemaValidator
 
 
template <
    typename SchemaDocumentType,
    typename OutputHandler = BaseReaderHandler<typename SchemaDocumentType::SchemaType::EncodingType>,
    typename StateAllocator = CrtAllocator>
class GenericSchemaValidator :
    public internal::ISchemaStateFactory<typename SchemaDocumentType::SchemaType>, 
    public internal::ISchemaValidator,
    public internal::IValidationErrorHandler<typename SchemaDocumentType::SchemaType>
{
public:
    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::SchemaType SchemaType;
    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::PointerType PointerType;
    typedef typename SchemaType::EncodingType EncodingType;
    typedef typename SchemaType::SValue SValue;
    typedef typename EncodingType::Ch Ch;
    typedef GenericStringRef<Ch> StringRefType;
    typedef GenericValue<EncodingType, StateAllocator> ValueType;
 
 
    GenericSchemaValidator(
        const SchemaDocumentType& schemaDocument,
        StateAllocator* allocator = 0, 
        size_t schemaStackCapacity = kDefaultSchemaStackCapacity,
        size_t documentStackCapacity = kDefaultDocumentStackCapacity)
        :
        schemaDocument_(&schemaDocument),
        root_(schemaDocument.GetRoot()),
        stateAllocator_(allocator),
        ownStateAllocator_(0),
        schemaStack_(allocator, schemaStackCapacity),
        documentStack_(allocator, documentStackCapacity),
        outputHandler_(0),
        error_(kObjectType),
        currentError_(),
        missingDependents_(),
        valid_(true)
#if CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
        , depth_(0)
#endif
    {
    }
 
 
    GenericSchemaValidator(
        const SchemaDocumentType& schemaDocument,
        OutputHandler& outputHandler,
        StateAllocator* allocator = 0, 
        size_t schemaStackCapacity = kDefaultSchemaStackCapacity,
        size_t documentStackCapacity = kDefaultDocumentStackCapacity)
        :
        schemaDocument_(&schemaDocument),
        root_(schemaDocument.GetRoot()),
        stateAllocator_(allocator),
        ownStateAllocator_(0),
        schemaStack_(allocator, schemaStackCapacity),
        documentStack_(allocator, documentStackCapacity),
        outputHandler_(&outputHandler),
        error_(kObjectType),
        currentError_(),
        missingDependents_(),
        valid_(true)
#if CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
        , depth_(0)
#endif
    {
    }
 
    ~GenericSchemaValidator() {
        Reset();
        CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_DELETE(ownStateAllocator_);
    }
 
    void Reset() {
        while (!schemaStack_.Empty())
            PopSchema();
        documentStack_.Clear();
        error_.SetObject();
        currentError_.SetNull();
        missingDependents_.SetNull();
        valid_ = true;
    }
 
    // Implementation of ISchemaValidator
    virtual bool IsValid() const { return valid_; }
 
    ValueType& GetError() { return error_; }
    const ValueType& GetError() const { return error_; }
 
    PointerType GetInvalidSchemaPointer() const {
        return schemaStack_.Empty() ? PointerType() : CurrentSchema().GetPointer();
    }
 
    const Ch* GetInvalidSchemaKeyword() const {
        return schemaStack_.Empty() ? 0 : CurrentContext().invalidKeyword;
    }
 
    PointerType GetInvalidDocumentPointer() const {
        if (documentStack_.Empty()) {
            return PointerType();
        }
        else {
            return PointerType(documentStack_.template Bottom<Ch>(), documentStack_.GetSize() / sizeof(Ch));
        }
    }
 
    void NotMultipleOf(int64_t actual, const SValue& expected) {
        AddNumberError(SchemaType::GetMultipleOfString(), ValueType(actual).Move(), expected);
    }
    void NotMultipleOf(uint64_t actual, const SValue& expected) {
        AddNumberError(SchemaType::GetMultipleOfString(), ValueType(actual).Move(), expected);
    }
    void NotMultipleOf(double actual, const SValue& expected) {
        AddNumberError(SchemaType::GetMultipleOfString(), ValueType(actual).Move(), expected);
    }
    void AboveMaximum(int64_t actual, const SValue& expected, bool exclusive) {
        AddNumberError(SchemaType::GetMaximumString(), ValueType(actual).Move(), expected,
            exclusive ? &SchemaType::GetExclusiveMaximumString : 0);
    }
    void AboveMaximum(uint64_t actual, const SValue& expected, bool exclusive) {
        AddNumberError(SchemaType::GetMaximumString(), ValueType(actual).Move(), expected,
            exclusive ? &SchemaType::GetExclusiveMaximumString : 0);
    }
    void AboveMaximum(double actual, const SValue& expected, bool exclusive) {
        AddNumberError(SchemaType::GetMaximumString(), ValueType(actual).Move(), expected,
            exclusive ? &SchemaType::GetExclusiveMaximumString : 0);
    }
    void BelowMinimum(int64_t actual, const SValue& expected, bool exclusive) {
        AddNumberError(SchemaType::GetMinimumString(), ValueType(actual).Move(), expected,
            exclusive ? &SchemaType::GetExclusiveMinimumString : 0);
    }
    void BelowMinimum(uint64_t actual, const SValue& expected, bool exclusive) {
        AddNumberError(SchemaType::GetMinimumString(), ValueType(actual).Move(), expected,
            exclusive ? &SchemaType::GetExclusiveMinimumString : 0);
    }
    void BelowMinimum(double actual, const SValue& expected, bool exclusive) {
        AddNumberError(SchemaType::GetMinimumString(), ValueType(actual).Move(), expected,
            exclusive ? &SchemaType::GetExclusiveMinimumString : 0);
    }
 
    void TooLong(const Ch* str, SizeType length, SizeType expected) {
        AddNumberError(SchemaType::GetMaxLengthString(),
            ValueType(str, length, GetStateAllocator()).Move(), SValue(expected).Move());
    }
    void TooShort(const Ch* str, SizeType length, SizeType expected) {
        AddNumberError(SchemaType::GetMinLengthString(),
            ValueType(str, length, GetStateAllocator()).Move(), SValue(expected).Move());
    }
    void DoesNotMatch(const Ch* str, SizeType length) {
        currentError_.SetObject();
        currentError_.AddMember(GetActualString(), ValueType(str, length, GetStateAllocator()).Move(), GetStateAllocator());
        AddCurrentError(SchemaType::GetPatternString());
    }
 
    void DisallowedItem(SizeType index) {
        currentError_.SetObject();
        currentError_.AddMember(GetDisallowedString(), ValueType(index).Move(), GetStateAllocator());
        AddCurrentError(SchemaType::GetAdditionalItemsString(), true);
    }
    void TooFewItems(SizeType actualCount, SizeType expectedCount) {
        AddNumberError(SchemaType::GetMinItemsString(),
            ValueType(actualCount).Move(), SValue(expectedCount).Move());
    }
    void TooManyItems(SizeType actualCount, SizeType expectedCount) {
        AddNumberError(SchemaType::GetMaxItemsString(),
            ValueType(actualCount).Move(), SValue(expectedCount).Move());
    }
    void DuplicateItems(SizeType index1, SizeType index2) {
        ValueType duplicates(kArrayType);
        duplicates.PushBack(index1, GetStateAllocator());
        duplicates.PushBack(index2, GetStateAllocator());
        currentError_.SetObject();
        currentError_.AddMember(GetDuplicatesString(), duplicates, GetStateAllocator());
        AddCurrentError(SchemaType::GetUniqueItemsString(), true);
    }
 
    void TooManyProperties(SizeType actualCount, SizeType expectedCount) {
        AddNumberError(SchemaType::GetMaxPropertiesString(),
            ValueType(actualCount).Move(), SValue(expectedCount).Move());
    }
    void TooFewProperties(SizeType actualCount, SizeType expectedCount) {
        AddNumberError(SchemaType::GetMinPropertiesString(),
            ValueType(actualCount).Move(), SValue(expectedCount).Move());
    }
    void StartMissingProperties() {
        currentError_.SetArray();
    }
    void AddMissingProperty(const SValue& name) {
        currentError_.PushBack(ValueType(name, GetStateAllocator()).Move(), GetStateAllocator());
    }
    bool EndMissingProperties() {
        if (currentError_.Empty())
            return false;
        ValueType error(kObjectType);
        error.AddMember(GetMissingString(), currentError_, GetStateAllocator());
        currentError_ = error;
        AddCurrentError(SchemaType::GetRequiredString());
        return true;
    }
    void PropertyViolations(ISchemaValidator** subvalidators, SizeType count) {
        for (SizeType i = 0; i < count; ++i)
            MergeError(static_cast<GenericSchemaValidator*>(subvalidators[i])->GetError());
    }
    void DisallowedProperty(const Ch* name, SizeType length) {
        currentError_.SetObject();
        currentError_.AddMember(GetDisallowedString(), ValueType(name, length, GetStateAllocator()).Move(), GetStateAllocator());
        AddCurrentError(SchemaType::GetAdditionalPropertiesString(), true);
    }
 
    void StartDependencyErrors() {
        currentError_.SetObject();
    }
    void StartMissingDependentProperties() {
        missingDependents_.SetArray();
    }
    void AddMissingDependentProperty(const SValue& targetName) {
        missingDependents_.PushBack(ValueType(targetName, GetStateAllocator()).Move(), GetStateAllocator());
    }
    void EndMissingDependentProperties(const SValue& sourceName) {
        if (!missingDependents_.Empty())
            currentError_.AddMember(ValueType(sourceName, GetStateAllocator()).Move(),
                missingDependents_, GetStateAllocator());
    }
    void AddDependencySchemaError(const SValue& sourceName, ISchemaValidator* subvalidator) {
        currentError_.AddMember(ValueType(sourceName, GetStateAllocator()).Move(),
            static_cast<GenericSchemaValidator*>(subvalidator)->GetError(), GetStateAllocator());
    }
    bool EndDependencyErrors() {
        if (currentError_.ObjectEmpty())
            return false;
        ValueType error(kObjectType);
        error.AddMember(GetErrorsString(), currentError_, GetStateAllocator());
        currentError_ = error;
        AddCurrentError(SchemaType::GetDependenciesString());
        return true;
    }
 
    void DisallowedValue() {
        currentError_.SetObject();
        AddCurrentError(SchemaType::GetEnumString());
    }
    void StartDisallowedType() {
        currentError_.SetArray();
    }
    void AddExpectedType(const typename SchemaType::ValueType& expectedType) {
        currentError_.PushBack(ValueType(expectedType, GetStateAllocator()).Move(), GetStateAllocator());
    }
    void EndDisallowedType(const typename SchemaType::ValueType& actualType) {
        ValueType error(kObjectType);
        error.AddMember(GetExpectedString(), currentError_, GetStateAllocator());
        error.AddMember(GetActualString(), ValueType(actualType, GetStateAllocator()).Move(), GetStateAllocator());
        currentError_ = error;
        AddCurrentError(SchemaType::GetTypeString());
    }
    void NotAllOf(ISchemaValidator** subvalidators, SizeType count) {
        for (SizeType i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
            MergeError(static_cast<GenericSchemaValidator*>(subvalidators[i])->GetError());
        }
    }
    void NoneOf(ISchemaValidator** subvalidators, SizeType count) {
        AddErrorArray(SchemaType::GetAnyOfString(), subvalidators, count);
    }
    void NotOneOf(ISchemaValidator** subvalidators, SizeType count) {
        AddErrorArray(SchemaType::GetOneOfString(), subvalidators, count);
    }
    void Disallowed() {
        currentError_.SetObject();
        AddCurrentError(SchemaType::GetNotString());
    }
 
#define CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(name, ...) \
    static const StringRefType& Get##name##String() {\
        static const Ch s[] = { __VA_ARGS__, '\0' };\
        static const StringRefType v(s, static_cast<SizeType>(sizeof(s) / sizeof(Ch) - 1)); \
        return v;\
    }
 
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(InstanceRef, 'i', 'n', 's', 't', 'a', 'n', 'c', 'e', 'R', 'e', 'f')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(SchemaRef, 's', 'c', 'h', 'e', 'm', 'a', 'R', 'e', 'f')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Expected, 'e', 'x', 'p', 'e', 'c', 't', 'e', 'd')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Actual, 'a', 'c', 't', 'u', 'a', 'l')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Disallowed, 'd', 'i', 's', 'a', 'l', 'l', 'o', 'w', 'e', 'd')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Missing, 'm', 'i', 's', 's', 'i', 'n', 'g')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Errors, 'e', 'r', 'r', 'o', 'r', 's')
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Duplicates, 'd', 'u', 'p', 'l', 'i', 'c', 'a', 't', 'e', 's')
 
#undef CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_STRING_
 
#if CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
#define CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_VERBOSE_() \
CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_BEGIN\
    *documentStack_.template Push<Ch>() = '\0';\
    documentStack_.template Pop<Ch>(1);\
    internal::PrintInvalidDocument(documentStack_.template Bottom<Ch>());\
CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_END
#else
#define CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_VERBOSE_()
#endif
 
#define CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_(method, arg1)\
    if (!valid_) return false; \
    if (!BeginValue() || !CurrentSchema().method arg1) {\
        CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_VERBOSE_();\
        return valid_ = false;\
    }
 
#define CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_(method, arg2)\
    for (Context* context = schemaStack_.template Bottom<Context>(); context != schemaStack_.template End<Context>(); context++) {\
        if (context->hasher)\
            static_cast<HasherType*>(context->hasher)->method arg2;\
        if (context->validators)\
            for (SizeType i_ = 0; i_ < context->validatorCount; i_++)\
                static_cast<GenericSchemaValidator*>(context->validators[i_])->method arg2;\
        if (context->patternPropertiesValidators)\
            for (SizeType i_ = 0; i_ < context->patternPropertiesValidatorCount; i_++)\
                static_cast<GenericSchemaValidator*>(context->patternPropertiesValidators[i_])->method arg2;\
    }
 
#define CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_END_(method, arg2)\
    return valid_ = EndValue() && (!outputHandler_ || outputHandler_->method arg2)
 
#define CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(method, arg1, arg2) \
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_   (method, arg1);\
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_(method, arg2);\
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_END_     (method, arg2)
 
    bool Null()             { CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(Null,   (CurrentContext()), ( )); }
    bool Bool(bool b)       { CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(Bool,   (CurrentContext(), b), (b)); }
    bool Int(int i)         { CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(Int,    (CurrentContext(), i), (i)); }
    bool Uint(unsigned u)   { CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(Uint,   (CurrentContext(), u), (u)); }
    bool Int64(int64_t i)   { CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(Int64,  (CurrentContext(), i), (i)); }
    bool Uint64(uint64_t u) { CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(Uint64, (CurrentContext(), u), (u)); }
    bool Double(double d)   { CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(Double, (CurrentContext(), d), (d)); }
    bool RawNumber(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy)
                                    { CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(String, (CurrentContext(), str, length, copy), (str, length, copy)); }
    bool String(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy)
                                    { CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(String, (CurrentContext(), str, length, copy), (str, length, copy)); }
 
    bool StartObject() {
        CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_(StartObject, (CurrentContext()));
        CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_(StartObject, ());
        return valid_ = !outputHandler_ || outputHandler_->StartObject();
    }
    
    bool Key(const Ch* str, SizeType len, bool copy) {
        if (!valid_) return false;
        AppendToken(str, len);
        if (!CurrentSchema().Key(CurrentContext(), str, len, copy)) return valid_ = false;
        CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_(Key, (str, len, copy));
        return valid_ = !outputHandler_ || outputHandler_->Key(str, len, copy);
    }
    
    bool EndObject(SizeType memberCount) { 
        if (!valid_) return false;
        CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_(EndObject, (memberCount));
        if (!CurrentSchema().EndObject(CurrentContext(), memberCount)) return valid_ = false;
        CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_END_(EndObject, (memberCount));
    }
 
    bool StartArray() {
        CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_(StartArray, (CurrentContext()));
        CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_(StartArray, ());
        return valid_ = !outputHandler_ || outputHandler_->StartArray();
    }
    
    bool EndArray(SizeType elementCount) {
        if (!valid_) return false;
        CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_(EndArray, (elementCount));
        if (!CurrentSchema().EndArray(CurrentContext(), elementCount)) return valid_ = false;
        CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_END_(EndArray, (elementCount));
    }
 
#undef CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_VERBOSE_
#undef CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_
#undef CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_
#undef CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_
 
    // Implementation of ISchemaStateFactory<SchemaType>
    virtual ISchemaValidator* CreateSchemaValidator(const SchemaType& root) {
        return new (GetStateAllocator().Malloc(sizeof(GenericSchemaValidator))) GenericSchemaValidator(*schemaDocument_, root, documentStack_.template Bottom<char>(), documentStack_.GetSize(),
#if CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
        depth_ + 1,
#endif
        &GetStateAllocator());
    }
 
    virtual void DestroySchemaValidator(ISchemaValidator* validator) {
        GenericSchemaValidator* v = static_cast<GenericSchemaValidator*>(validator);
        v->~GenericSchemaValidator();
        StateAllocator::Free(v);
    }
 
    virtual void* CreateHasher() {
        return new (GetStateAllocator().Malloc(sizeof(HasherType))) HasherType(&GetStateAllocator());
    }
 
    virtual uint64_t GetHashCode(void* hasher) {
        return static_cast<HasherType*>(hasher)->GetHashCode();
    }
 
    virtual void DestroryHasher(void* hasher) {
        HasherType* h = static_cast<HasherType*>(hasher);
        h->~HasherType();
        StateAllocator::Free(h);
    }
 
    virtual void* MallocState(size_t size) {
        return GetStateAllocator().Malloc(size);
    }
 
    virtual void FreeState(void* p) {
        StateAllocator::Free(p);
    }
 
private:
    typedef typename SchemaType::Context Context;
    typedef GenericValue<UTF8<>, StateAllocator> HashCodeArray;
    typedef internal::Hasher<EncodingType, StateAllocator> HasherType;
 
    GenericSchemaValidator( 
        const SchemaDocumentType& schemaDocument,
        const SchemaType& root,
        const char* basePath, size_t basePathSize,
#if CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
        unsigned depth,
#endif
        StateAllocator* allocator = 0,
        size_t schemaStackCapacity = kDefaultSchemaStackCapacity,
        size_t documentStackCapacity = kDefaultDocumentStackCapacity)
        :
        schemaDocument_(&schemaDocument),
        root_(root),
        stateAllocator_(allocator),
        ownStateAllocator_(0),
        schemaStack_(allocator, schemaStackCapacity),
        documentStack_(allocator, documentStackCapacity),
        outputHandler_(0),
        error_(kObjectType),
        currentError_(),
        missingDependents_(),
        valid_(true)
#if CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
        , depth_(depth)
#endif
    {
        if (basePath && basePathSize)
            memcpy(documentStack_.template Push<char>(basePathSize), basePath, basePathSize);
    }
 
    StateAllocator& GetStateAllocator() {
        if (!stateAllocator_)
            stateAllocator_ = ownStateAllocator_ = CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_NEW(StateAllocator)();
        return *stateAllocator_;
    }
 
    bool BeginValue() {
        if (schemaStack_.Empty())
            PushSchema(root_);
        else {
            if (CurrentContext().inArray)
                internal::TokenHelper<internal::Stack<StateAllocator>, Ch>::AppendIndexToken(documentStack_, CurrentContext().arrayElementIndex);
 
            if (!CurrentSchema().BeginValue(CurrentContext()))
                return false;
 
            SizeType count = CurrentContext().patternPropertiesSchemaCount;
            const SchemaType** sa = CurrentContext().patternPropertiesSchemas;
            typename Context::PatternValidatorType patternValidatorType = CurrentContext().valuePatternValidatorType;
            bool valueUniqueness = CurrentContext().valueUniqueness;
            CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(CurrentContext().valueSchema);
            PushSchema(*CurrentContext().valueSchema);
 
            if (count > 0) {
                CurrentContext().objectPatternValidatorType = patternValidatorType;
                ISchemaValidator**& va = CurrentContext().patternPropertiesValidators;
                SizeType& validatorCount = CurrentContext().patternPropertiesValidatorCount;
                va = static_cast<ISchemaValidator**>(MallocState(sizeof(ISchemaValidator*) * count));
                for (SizeType i = 0; i < count; i++)
                    va[validatorCount++] = CreateSchemaValidator(*sa[i]);
            }
 
            CurrentContext().arrayUniqueness = valueUniqueness;
        }
        return true;
    }
 
    bool EndValue() {
        if (!CurrentSchema().EndValue(CurrentContext()))
            return false;
 
#if CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
        GenericStringBuffer<EncodingType> sb;
        schemaDocument_->GetPointer(&CurrentSchema()).Stringify(sb);
 
        *documentStack_.template Push<Ch>() = '\0';
        documentStack_.template Pop<Ch>(1);
        internal::PrintValidatorPointers(depth_, sb.GetString(), documentStack_.template Bottom<Ch>());
#endif
 
        uint64_t h = CurrentContext().arrayUniqueness ? static_cast<HasherType*>(CurrentContext().hasher)->GetHashCode() : 0;
        
        PopSchema();
 
        if (!schemaStack_.Empty()) {
            Context& context = CurrentContext();
            if (context.valueUniqueness) {
                HashCodeArray* a = static_cast<HashCodeArray*>(context.arrayElementHashCodes);
                if (!a)
                    CurrentContext().arrayElementHashCodes = a = new (GetStateAllocator().Malloc(sizeof(HashCodeArray))) HashCodeArray(kArrayType);
                for (typename HashCodeArray::ConstValueIterator itr = a->Begin(); itr != a->End(); ++itr)
                    if (itr->GetUint64() == h) {
                        DuplicateItems(static_cast<SizeType>(itr - a->Begin()), a->Size());
                        CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(SchemaType::GetUniqueItemsString());
                    }
                a->PushBack(h, GetStateAllocator());
            }
        }
 
        // Remove the last token of document pointer
        while (!documentStack_.Empty() && *documentStack_.template Pop<Ch>(1) != '/')
            ;
 
        return true;
    }
 
    void AppendToken(const Ch* str, SizeType len) {
        documentStack_.template Reserve<Ch>(1 + len * 2); // worst case all characters are escaped as two characters
        *documentStack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>() = '/';
        for (SizeType i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            if (str[i] == '~') {
                *documentStack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>() = '~';
                *documentStack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>() = '0';
            }
            else if (str[i] == '/') {
                *documentStack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>() = '~';
                *documentStack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>() = '1';
            }
            else
                *documentStack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>() = str[i];
        }
    }
 
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void PushSchema(const SchemaType& schema) { new (schemaStack_.template Push<Context>()) Context(*this, *this, &schema); }
    
    CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void PopSchema() {
        Context* c = schemaStack_.template Pop<Context>(1);
        if (HashCodeArray* a = static_cast<HashCodeArray*>(c->arrayElementHashCodes)) {
            a->~HashCodeArray();
            StateAllocator::Free(a);
        }
        c->~Context();
    }
 
    void AddErrorLocation(ValueType& result, bool parent) {
        GenericStringBuffer<EncodingType> sb;
        PointerType instancePointer = GetInvalidDocumentPointer();
        ((parent && instancePointer.GetTokenCount() > 0)
            ? PointerType(instancePointer.GetTokens(), instancePointer.GetTokenCount() - 1)
            : instancePointer).StringifyUriFragment(sb);
        ValueType instanceRef(sb.GetString(), static_cast<SizeType>(sb.GetSize() / sizeof(Ch)),
            GetStateAllocator());
        result.AddMember(GetInstanceRefString(), instanceRef, GetStateAllocator());
        sb.Clear();
        memcpy(sb.Push(CurrentSchema().GetURI().GetStringLength()),
            CurrentSchema().GetURI().GetString(),
            CurrentSchema().GetURI().GetStringLength() * sizeof(Ch));
        GetInvalidSchemaPointer().StringifyUriFragment(sb);
        ValueType schemaRef(sb.GetString(), static_cast<SizeType>(sb.GetSize() / sizeof(Ch)),
            GetStateAllocator());
        result.AddMember(GetSchemaRefString(), schemaRef, GetStateAllocator());
    }
 
    void AddError(ValueType& keyword, ValueType& error) {
        typename ValueType::MemberIterator member = error_.FindMember(keyword);
        if (member == error_.MemberEnd())
            error_.AddMember(keyword, error, GetStateAllocator());
        else {
            if (member->value.IsObject()) {
                ValueType errors(kArrayType);
                errors.PushBack(member->value, GetStateAllocator());
                member->value = errors;
            }
            member->value.PushBack(error, GetStateAllocator());
        }
    }
 
    void AddCurrentError(const typename SchemaType::ValueType& keyword, bool parent = false) {
        AddErrorLocation(currentError_, parent);
        AddError(ValueType(keyword, GetStateAllocator(), false).Move(), currentError_);
    }
 
    void MergeError(ValueType& other) {
        for (typename ValueType::MemberIterator it = other.MemberBegin(), end = other.MemberEnd(); it != end; ++it) {
            AddError(it->name, it->value);
        }
    }
 
    void AddNumberError(const typename SchemaType::ValueType& keyword, ValueType& actual, const SValue& expected,
        const typename SchemaType::ValueType& (*exclusive)() = 0) {
        currentError_.SetObject();
        currentError_.AddMember(GetActualString(), actual, GetStateAllocator());
        currentError_.AddMember(GetExpectedString(), ValueType(expected, GetStateAllocator()).Move(), GetStateAllocator());
        if (exclusive)
            currentError_.AddMember(ValueType(exclusive(), GetStateAllocator()).Move(), true, GetStateAllocator());
        AddCurrentError(keyword);
    }
 
    void AddErrorArray(const typename SchemaType::ValueType& keyword,
        ISchemaValidator** subvalidators, SizeType count) {
        ValueType errors(kArrayType);
        for (SizeType i = 0; i < count; ++i)
            errors.PushBack(static_cast<GenericSchemaValidator*>(subvalidators[i])->GetError(), GetStateAllocator());
        currentError_.SetObject();
        currentError_.AddMember(GetErrorsString(), errors, GetStateAllocator());
        AddCurrentError(keyword);
    }
 
    const SchemaType& CurrentSchema() const { return *schemaStack_.template Top<Context>()->schema; }
    Context& CurrentContext() { return *schemaStack_.template Top<Context>(); }
    const Context& CurrentContext() const { return *schemaStack_.template Top<Context>(); }
 
    static const size_t kDefaultSchemaStackCapacity = 1024;
    static const size_t kDefaultDocumentStackCapacity = 256;
    const SchemaDocumentType* schemaDocument_;
    const SchemaType& root_;
    StateAllocator* stateAllocator_;
    StateAllocator* ownStateAllocator_;
    internal::Stack<StateAllocator> schemaStack_;    
    internal::Stack<StateAllocator> documentStack_;  
    OutputHandler* outputHandler_;
    ValueType error_;
    ValueType currentError_;
    ValueType missingDependents_;
    bool valid_;
#if CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
    unsigned depth_;
#endif
};
 
typedef GenericSchemaValidator<SchemaDocument> SchemaValidator;
 
// SchemaValidatingReader
 
 
template <
    unsigned parseFlags,
    typename InputStream,
    typename SourceEncoding,
    typename SchemaDocumentType = SchemaDocument,
    typename StackAllocator = CrtAllocator>
class SchemaValidatingReader {
public:
    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::PointerType PointerType;
    typedef typename InputStream::Ch Ch;
    typedef GenericValue<SourceEncoding, StackAllocator> ValueType;
 
 
    SchemaValidatingReader(InputStream& is, const SchemaDocumentType& sd) : is_(is), sd_(sd), invalidSchemaKeyword_(), error_(kObjectType), isValid_(true) {}
 
    template <typename Handler>
    bool operator()(Handler& handler) {
        GenericReader<SourceEncoding, typename SchemaDocumentType::EncodingType, StackAllocator> reader;
        GenericSchemaValidator<SchemaDocumentType, Handler> validator(sd_, handler);
        parseResult_ = reader.template Parse<parseFlags>(is_, validator);
 
        isValid_ = validator.IsValid();
        if (isValid_) {
            invalidSchemaPointer_ = PointerType();
            invalidSchemaKeyword_ = 0;
            invalidDocumentPointer_ = PointerType();
            error_.SetObject();
        }
        else {
            invalidSchemaPointer_ = validator.GetInvalidSchemaPointer();
            invalidSchemaKeyword_ = validator.GetInvalidSchemaKeyword();
            invalidDocumentPointer_ = validator.GetInvalidDocumentPointer();
            error_.CopyFrom(validator.GetError(), allocator_);
        }
 
        return parseResult_;
    }
 
    const ParseResult& GetParseResult() const { return parseResult_; }
    bool IsValid() const { return isValid_; }
    const PointerType& GetInvalidSchemaPointer() const { return invalidSchemaPointer_; }
    const Ch* GetInvalidSchemaKeyword() const { return invalidSchemaKeyword_; }
    const PointerType& GetInvalidDocumentPointer() const { return invalidDocumentPointer_; }
    const ValueType& GetError() const { return error_; }
 
private:
    InputStream& is_;
    const SchemaDocumentType& sd_;
 
    ParseResult parseResult_;
    PointerType invalidSchemaPointer_;
    const Ch* invalidSchemaKeyword_;
    PointerType invalidDocumentPointer_;
    StackAllocator allocator_;
    ValueType error_;
    bool isValid_;
};
 
CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
 
#endif // CEREAL_RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_H_